Comparison Of Erikson And Kohlbergs Theory - 1378 Words

Erik Erikson and Lawrence Kohlberg are famous theorist who have contributed a lot to the nursing profession. Erikson’s theory is about psychosocial development whereas Kohlberg’s theory is about moral development. Erikson has eight stages, that he believed were accomplished at different periods of life, in his theory of psychosocial development starting with; trust versus mistrust during infancy; autonomy versus shame or doubt experienced at a toddler age; initiative versus inferiority during preschool and school-aged period; identity versus identity confusion during adolescence; intimacy versus isolation experienced as a young adult; generativity versus stagnation experienced as a middle-aged adult; and lastly integrity versus despair†¦show more content†¦Another stage of Erikson’s theory that is similar to stages of Kohlberg’s theory is identity versus identity confusion where the adolescent learns the essence of what makes them who they are fro m bringing together everything they have learnt and what kind of person they will be. Kohlberg’s stages that are similar is the conventional stage of good boy/ nice girl morality where the school-aged child follows rules to be accepted by those around them, and the postconventional stage of social contract orientation where the adolescent will follow society customs for the benefit of others. These three stages are closely associated as someone’s identity is usually shaped by the customs of society. People will do what is expected of them to be accepted which in turn contributes to their identity. The last similarity between the two theories is Erikson’s stage of generativity versus stagnation where the middle-aged adult broadens their concern from themselves to the community and world, and Kohlberg’s postconventional stage of universal ethical principles where the adult’s actions are determined by their own ethical principles and standards of beha viour. These two stages complement each other as a person cannot have concerns for the community and world if they do not have a sense of their own beliefs and values as a foundation. A person needs to know what they value to then go on and have concerns thatShow MoreRelatedAdolescence Is A Critical Time For A Human1405 Words   |  6 Pages Many theories have been established in regard to development focusing on the psychosocial, moral, and faith development of the human. These theories can simply be viewed as offering a lens to study human development and why the development is important for the outcome of a one’s mental health. The following is a comparison and contrast of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory, Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development, and James Fowler’s Theory of Faith Development. Each theory emphasizesRead MoreSpiritual Formation1595 Words   |  7 Pagescollection of theories. The theories I will refer to include Piagetà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Cognitive Development Theory, Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory, and Kohlberg’s Development of Moral Reasoning Theory. In Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, he develops a theory of cognitive development that occurs in stages from persons under two years of age through age 14. Piaget’s theory relates to the cognitive development of a human person. In Erik Ericksons Theory of Psychosocial Development, Erikson describes a theory consistingRead MorePersonal Portrait1777 Words   |  8 Pagesintegrating developmental theory, moral development, gender and cultural influences. Theorist Erik Erikson’s developmental theory is best known for its theories on personality. He believed that an individual’s personality is developed in a series of stages impacted by social experiences throughout the whole life span. His model of development was the first offered by a theorist that extended over the entire life span. The massive influence of culture on behavior led Erikson to place more emphasisRead MoreAndrew Wolf On Adolescence : Child Development And Psychological Theory Essay1860 Words   |  8 PagesAndrew Wolf on Adolescence: Child Development and Psychological Theory Get Out of My Life, But First Could You Drive Me and Cheryl to the Mall?: A Parent’s Guide to the New Teenager by Anthony E. Wolf, Ph.D. addresses the challenges that face teenagers and their parents. Adolescence, which is usually attributed to the time between 13 and 19 years of age, is the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence, is addressed by Wolf (Myers, 2014, p. 140). WolfRead MoreResearch Proposal1165 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent stages of development. In reference to Erik Erickson’s theory of psychosocial development, it is critical for individuals to develop their ego identity, behavioral competence as they are critical in addressing specific societal virtues and psychosocial crises (Erikson, amp; Coles, 2000). Additionally, Kohlberg’s moral development theory asserts that an individual’s future is affected by different demographic factors. The theory primarily concerns three stages namely pre- co nventional, conventionalRead More The Developing Adolescent Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental theories are a group of ideas, assumptions, and generalizations that interpret and illuminate the thousands of observations that have been made about human growth. In this way, developmental theories provide a framework for explaining the patterns and problems of development (Berger, 2008 p33). Adolescence represents one of the most critical developmental periods in life. It is a time of profound changes on all levels. The importance of both family and peers during these years is alsoRead MoreEmotional And Social Competence Of A Young Child1905 Words   |  8 Pagesher sisters were all educators), therefore a certain behavior was expected of me and so I tried acting in such manner. Kohlberg’s theory of Moral development, Level 2: Stage 3, Convectional Morality: Interpersonal Relationship is that â€Å"people approach moral problems in terms of their own position as good , responsible members of society† (Feldman, 2014, p. 316). Table 10-1 Kohlberg’s Sequence of Moral Reasoning Level 2, which states â€Å"membership in society becomes important. People behave in ways thatRead MoreThe Film Thirteen Portrays The Chaotic Lives Of Two Thirteen1334 Words   |  6 Pagesoff of her mother’s clients and strangers at the mall, Tracy’s behavior became identical to Evie’s. Given all that Tracy has been through, such as having a bad relationship with her family, a change in social groups, and not feeling good enough in comparison to Evie and her friends, she secretly alleviates her pain by cutting herself. The once seemingly innocent Tracy evolves into a hardcore drug user, sexually driven, and rebellious adolescent. Her juvenescent innocence was stolen by Evie and as aRead MoreSpiritual Formation Across the Lifespan Essay7723 Words   |  31 Pagesalternative paradigms as a way to structure thinking about people and their e nvironments. The traditional paradigm, characterized in this chapter as those theories based on stage-based, predictable, ladder-oriented development, has sometimes led to a belief in only one route to only one answer rather than many routes to many answers. These theories have offered very important concepts that are often utilized and expanded within broader or alternative ways of thinking about development. â€Å"AlternativeRead MoreReforming, Transforming and Conforming Essay3445 Words   |  14 PagesIn this essay I will discuss the comparisons and differences of the three models of theory and learning as identified by MacNaughton, Conforming, Reforming and Transforming (MacNaughton, 2003). This essay will look at how these theories are explained and can be applied individually or together within the learning pedagogy. My discussion will be of a reflective nature and include how I have understood these three models in relation to the early childhood learning environment and how I may relate

Nike Golf Marketing Strategies Essay - 1108 Words

Executive Summary NIKE, Inc. designs, develops, and markets footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessory products for men, women, and children worldwide. This marketing plan focuses on NIKE Golf and our market segments and the strategies we are using to gain more Hispanic customers and create consistent revenue growth in this area. Our specific focus on marketing NIKE Golf to the Hispanic community comes from the fast-growing buying power of Hispanics. Our marketing plan will meet those growing demands and give us a bigger advantage over our competitors because we will be targeting and educating the Hispanic population on the importance of golfing with NIKE products, alongside the advertising revenue that Tiger Woods already brings to the†¦show more content†¦It will also raise the awareness of NIKE Golf’s desire gain more Hispanic consumers. Target Market Segment Strategy Our strategy focuses on embedding NIKE Golf into the minds of every Hispanic looking to purchase golf products, specifically targeting US Hispanics. We will continue to keep our current Hispanic consumers loyal to our brand through various online approaches, such as the social media and marketing emails. Through the links provided on the internet, there will be opportunities to view product information, innovations, and releases. Sales Forecast We expect the sales from our Hispanic consumers to increase by 5% through the end of 2013. We expect to see at least a 1% increase by the end of 2011. Through raising the awareness of the quality of our products and the need for increased Hispanic interest in golf, we will meet our sales goals. US Hispanic Sales Forecast Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Unit Sales Golf Equipment 60,000 95,000 130,000 Footwear 15,000 30,000 45,000 Apparel 10,000 20,000 30,000 Total Unit Sales 85,000 145,000 205,000 Avg. Amount of Customer Spending Golf Equipment $500 $500 $500 Footwear $100 $100 $100 Apparel $200 $200 $200 Sales Golf Equipment $30,000,000.00 $47,500,000.00 $65,000,000.00 Footwear $Show MoreRelatedNike Business Strategy615 Words   |  3 PagesNikes grand strategy is Growth . The company feels the international marketplace (rather than the domestic) is where the majority of growth will be realized in the next five years. Product Differentiation is the product strategy that Nike has utilized and will continue to use as design creativity is one of Nikes core competencies. 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In today’s competitive environment, Nike, one of the global leaders in sporting goods industry, has established a strong position for enhancing athletic life style. It’s the number one sports manufacturer in the world design by Nolan Breitbarth in the 1970s with Phil knight founder of Nike Inc. It is the leading sporting goods Company in the United States andRead MoreThe Travails of Nike1390 Words   |  6 PagesReport: The Travails of Nike INTRODUCTION Nike, Inc. is a world’s leading supplier and a major manufacturer of athletic shoes and sports apparel. It was founded on January 25th, 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports by Philip Knight and Bill Bowerman. It officially became Nike, Inc. in 1978. Currently their brands include Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Air Jordan and Nike Skateboarding, while their subsidiaries are Cole Haan, Hurley International, Umbro and Converse. During this stage, the Nike brand has become soRead MoreNike vs. Reebok1362 Words   |  6 PagesNike vs. Reebok Questions 1. 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Chapter 18 Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot, and Prongs Free Essays

string(21) " I came to Hogwarts\." It took a few seconds for the absurdity of this statement to sink in. Then Ron voiced what Harry was thinking. â€Å"You’re both mental. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 18 Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot, and Prongs or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Ridiculous!† said Hermione faintly. â€Å"Peter Pettigrew’s dead!† said Harry. â€Å"He killed him twelve years ago!† He pointed at Black, whose face twitched convulsively. â€Å"I meant to,† he growled, his yellow teeth bared, â€Å"but little Peter got the better of me†¦not this time, though!† And Crookshanks was thrown to the floor as Black lunged at Scabbers; Ron yelled with pain as Black’s weight fell on his broken leg. â€Å"Sirius, NO!† Lupin yelled, launching himself forwards and dragging Black away from Ron again, â€Å"WAIT! You can’t do it just like that — they need to understand — we’ve got to explain –â€Å" â€Å"We can explain afterwards!† snarled Black, trying to throw Lupin off. One hand was still clawing the air as it tried to reach Scabbers, who was squealing like a piglet, scratching Ron’s face and neck as he tried to escape. â€Å"They’ve — got — a — right — to — know — everything!† Lupin panted, still trying to restrain Black. â€Å"Ron’s kept him as a pet! There are parts of it even I don’t understand, and Harry — you owe Harry the truth, Sirius!† Black stopped struggling, though his hollowed eyes were still fixed on Scabbers, who was clamped tightly under Ron’s bitten, scratched, and bleeding hands. â€Å"All right, then,† Black said, without taking his eyes off the rat. â€Å"Tell them whatever you like. But make it quick, Remus. I want to commit the murder I was imprisoned for†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You’re nutters, both of you,† said Ron shakily, looking round at Harry and Hermione for support. â€Å"I’ve had enough of this. I’m off.† He tried to heave himself up on his good leg, but Lupin raised his wand again, pointing it at Scabbers. â€Å"You’re going to hear me out, Ron,† he said quietly. â€Å"Just keep a tight hold on Peter while you listen.† â€Å"HE’S NOT PETER, HE’S SCABBERS!† Ron yelled, trying to force the rat back into his front pocket, but Scabbers was fighting too hard; Ron swayed and overbalanced, and Harry caught him am pushed him back down to the bed. Then, ignoring Black, Harry turned to Lupin. â€Å"There were witnesses who saw Pettigrew die,† he said. â€Å"A whole street full of them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"They didn’t see what they thought they saw!† said Black savagely, still watching Scabbers struggling in Ron’s hands. â€Å"Everyone thought Sirius killed Peter,† said Lupin, nodding. â€Å"I believed it myself — until I saw the map tonight. Because the Marauder’s map never lies†¦Peter’s alive. Ron’s holding him, Harry.† Harry looked down at Ron, and as their eyes met, they agreed, silently: Black and Lupin were both out of their minds. Their story made no sense whatsoever. How could Scabbers be Peter Pettigrew? Azkaban must have unhinged Black after all — but why was Lupin playing along with him? Then Hermione spoke, in a trembling, would-be calm sort of voice, as though trying to will Professor Lupin to talk sensibly. â€Å"But Professor Lupin†¦Scabbers can’t be Pettigrew†¦it just can’t be true, you know it can’t†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Why can’t it be true?† Lupin said calmly, as though they were in class, and Hermione had simply spotted a problem in an experiment with Grindylows. â€Å"Because†¦ because people would know if Peter Pettigrew had been an Animagus. We did Animagi in class with Professor McGonagall. And I looked them up when I did my homework — the Ministry of Magic keeps tabs on witches and wizards who can become animals; there’s a register showing what animal they become, and their markings and things†¦and I went and looked Professor McGonagall up on the register, and there have been only seven Animagi this century, and Pettigrew’s name wasn’t on the list.† Harry had barely had time to marvel inwardly at the effort Hermione put into her homework, when Lupin started to laugh. â€Å"Right again, Hermione!† he said. â€Å"But the Ministry never knew that here used to be three unregistered Animagi running around Hogwarts.† â€Å"If you’re going to tell them the story, get a move on, Remus,† said Black, who was still watching Scabbers’s every desperate move. â€Å"I’ve waited twelve years, I’m not going to wait much longer.† â€Å"All right†¦but you’ll need to help me, Sirius,† said Lupin, â€Å"I only know how it began†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lupin broke off. There had been a loud creak behind him. The bedroom door had opened of its own accord. All five of them stared at it. Then Lupin strode toward it and looked out into the landing. â€Å"No one there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"This place is haunted!† said Ron. â€Å"It’s not,’ said Lupin, still looking at the door in a puzzled way. â€Å"The Shrieking Shack was never haunted†¦The screams and howls the villagers used to hear were made by me.† He pushed his graying hair out of his eyes, thought for a moment then said, â€Å"That’s where all of this starts — with my becoming a werewolf, None of this could have happened if I hadn’t been bitter†¦and if I hadn’t been so foolhardy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He looked sober and tired. Ron started to interrupt, but Hermione, said, â€Å"Shh!† She was watching Lupin very intently. â€Å"I as a very small boy when I received the bite. My parents tried everything, but in those days there was no cure. The potion that Professor Snape has been making for me is a very recent discovery. It makes me safe, you see. As long as I take it in the week, preceding the full moon, I keep my mind when I transform†¦I’m able to curl up in my office, a harmless wolf, and wait for the moon to wane again. â€Å"Before the Wolfsbane Potion was discovered, however, I became a fully fledged monster once a month. It seemed impossible that I would be able to come to Hogwarts. Other parents weren’t likely to want their children exposed to me. â€Å"But then Dumbledore became Headmaster, and he was sympathetic. He said that as long as we took certain precautions, there was no reason I shouldn’t come to school†¦.† Lupin sighed, and looked directly at Harry. â€Å"I told you, months ago, that the Whomping Willow was planted the year I came to Hogwarts. You read "Chapter 18 Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot, and Prongs" in category "Essay examples" The truth is that it was planted because I came to Hogwarts. This house† — Lupin looked miserably around the room, — â€Å"the tunnel that leads to it — they were built for my use. Once a month, I was smuggled out of the castle, into this place, to transform. The tree was placed at the tunnel mouth to stop anyone coming across me while I was dangerous.† Harry couldn’t see where this story was going, but he was listening raptly all the same. The only sound apart from Lupin’s voice was Scabbers’s frightened squeaking. â€Å"My transformations in those days were — were terrible. It is very painful to turn into a werewolf. I was separated from humans to bite, so I bit and scratched myself instead. The villagers heard the noise and the screaming and thought they were hearing particularly violent spirits. Dumbledore encouraged the rumor†¦Even now, when the house has been silent for years, the villagers don’t dare approach it†¦.† â€Å"But apart from my transformations, I was happier than I had ever been in my life. For the first time ever, I had friends, three great friends. Sirius Black†¦Peter Pettigrew†¦and, of course, your father, Harry — James Potter.† â€Å"Now, my three friends could hardly fail to notice that I disappeared once a month. I made up all sorts of stories. I told them my mother was ill, and that I had to go home to see her†¦I was terrified they would desert me the moment they found out what I was. But of course, they, like you, Hermione, worked out the truth†¦.† â€Å"And they didn’t desert me at all. Instead, they did something for me that would make my transformations not only bearable, but the best times of my life. They became Animagi.† â€Å"My dad too?† said Harry, astounded. â€Å"Yes, indeed,† said Lupin. â€Å"It took them the best part of three years to work out how to do it. Your father and Sirius here were the cleverest students in the school, and lucky they were, because the Animagus transformation can go horribly wrong — one reason the Ministry keeps a close watch on those attempting to do it. Peter needed all the help he could get from James and Sirius. Finally, in our fifth year, they managed it. They could each turn into a different animal at will.† â€Å"But how did that help you?† said Hermione, sounding puzzled. â€Å"They couldn’t keep me company as humans, so they kept me company as animals,† said Lupin. â€Å"A werewolf is only a danger to people. They sneaked out of the castle every month under James’s Invisibility Cloak. They transformed†¦Peter, as the smallest, could slip beneath the Willow’s attacking branches and touch the knot that freezes it. They would then slip down the tunnel and join me. Under their influence, I became less dangerous. My body was still wolfish, but my mind seemed to become less so while I was with them.† â€Å"Hurry up, Remus,† snarled Black, who was still watching Scabbers with a horrible sort of hunger on his face. â€Å"I’m getting there, Sirius, I’m getting there†¦well, highly exciting possibilities were open to us now that we could all transform. Soon we were leaving the Shrieking Shack and roaming the school grounds and the village by night. Sirius and James transformed into such large animals, they were able to keep a werewolf in check. I doubt whether any Hogwarts students ever found out more about the Hogwarts grounds and Hogsmeade than we did†¦ And that’s how we came to write the Marauder’s Map, and sign it with our nicknames. Sirius is Padfoot. Peter is Wormtail. James was Prongs.† â€Å"What sort of animal –?† Harry began, but Hermione cut him off. â€Å"That was still really dangerous! Running around in the dark with a werewolf! What if you’d given the others the slip, and bitten somebody?† â€Å"A thought that still haunts me,† said Lupin heavily. â€Å"And there were near misses, many of them. We laughed about them afterwards. We were young, thoughtless — carried away with our own cleverness.† â€Å"I sometimes felt guilty about betraying Dumbledore’s trust, of course†¦he had admitted me to Hogwarts when no other headmaster would have done so, and he had no idea I was breaking the rules he had set down for my own and others’ safety. He never knew I had led three fellow students into becoming Animagi illegally. But I always managed to forget my guilty feelings every time we sat down to plan our next month’s adventure. And I haven’t changed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lupin’s face had hardened, and there was self-disgust in his voice. â€Å"All this year, I have been battling with myself, wondering whether I should tell Dumbledore that Sirius was an Animagus. But I didn’t do it. Why? Because I was too cowardly. It would have meant admitting that I’d betrayed his trust while I was at school, admitting that I’d led others along with me†¦and Dumbledore’s trust has meant everything to me. He let me into Hogwarts as a boy, and he gave me a job when I have been shunned all my adult life, unable to find paid work because of what I am. And so I convinced myself that Sirius was getting into the school using dark arts he learned from Voldemort, that being an Animagus had nothing to do with it†¦so, in a way, Snape’s been right about me all along.† â€Å"Snape?† said Black harshly, taking his eyes off Scabbers; for the first time in minutes and looking up at Lupin. â€Å"What’s Snape got to do with it?† â€Å"He’s here, Sirius,† said Lupin heavily. â€Å"He’s teaching here as well.† He looked up at Harry, Ron, and Hermione. â€Å"Professor Snape was at school with us. He fought very hard against my appointment to the Defense Against the Dark Arts job. He has been telling Dumbledore all year that I am not to be trusted. He has his reasons†¦you see, Sirius here played a trick on him which nearly killed him, a trick which involved me –â€Å" Black made a derisive noise. â€Å"It served him right,† he sneered. â€Å"Sneaking around, trying to find out what we were up to†¦hoping he could get us expelled†¦.† â€Å"Severus was very interested in where I went every month.† Lupin told Harry, Ron, and Hermione. â€Å"We were in the same year, you know, and we — er — didn’t like each other very much. He especially disliked James. Jealous, I think, of James’s talent on the Quidditch field†¦anyway Snape had seen me crossing the grounds with Madam Pomfrey one evening as she led me toward the Whomping Willow to transform. Sirius thought it would be — er — amusing, to tell Snape all he had to do was prod the knot on the tree trunk with a long stick, and he’d be able to get in after me. Well, of course, Snape tried it — if he’d got as far as this house, he’d have met a fully grown werewolf — but your father, who’d heard what Sirius had done, went after Snape and pulled him back, at great risk to his life†¦Snape glimpsed me, though, at the end of the tunnel. He was forbidden by Dumbledore to tell an ybody, but from that time on he knew what I was†¦.† â€Å"So that’s why Snape doesn’t like you,† said Harry slowly, â€Å"because he thought you were in on the joke?† â€Å"That’s right,† sneered a cold voice from the wall behind Lupin. Severus Snape was pulling off the Invisibility Cloak, his wand pointing directly at Lupin. How to cite Chapter 18 Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot, and Prongs, Essay examples

Antigone Jenny Peterson Essay Example For Students

Antigone Jenny Peterson Essay In our society today, movies and television shows are being broadcast all over the world to many genders, races, and ages. Some of these shows involve many violent topics and situations. For example, the news qualifies as a violent shows because three fourths of every broadcast involves a violent situation. The next generation of adults is exposed to this violence everyday, thinking its cool or acceptable. I think that if teenagers witness the violent actions in person they would react differently than seeing them on TV. The violent scenes in Antigone are much like crimes that occur everyday. For example, a gang related crime can be compared to one of the many deaths in Antigone. The public views these crimes as normal. Most often violence in the news is ignored or called normal. If more people witnessed violence then maybe more actions would be taken to stop it from happening. I think the violence told in Antigone was very low-key compared to the things we see today on the news. Today, our society likes to take time off to relax and watch a movie. Do you think its relaxing to watch people die and constantly be injured? Well most of the movies out today are violent. Even thought here are strict rating rules put on these movies, children are still seeing them. For example, The Power Rangers Movie. In this movie, five teenagers take on the roles of fighters. When kids view this PG rated movie they see how cool it is to kill other creatures and human beings. About three weeks after this movie was released in Chicago, two kids were playing power rangers; they decided to take the game a step further by involving pencils used as swords. This game ended with one of the two kids with serious incisions from the pencil. This situation could have easily been avoided if some of these movies were not so violently oriented. To summarize, if the world was more peaceful, life would be easier to live and watch happen. Violence should be avoided at any cost because if it is stopped now life will become happier. Antigone relates to our lives now but not so much that it can influence people to do things that are not right. We have control over what we do; so why is all this violence happening?